Hate to bring it up, but compared to real digital circuits Minecraft redstone is literally a child’s toy
So in my college Logical Circuits class, I would sit there with Minecraft up on my laptop and build the circuits we were discussing out of redstone. There’s something about being able to flip levers and watch the outputs change that really helps you to understand
I always assumed they use some kind of tool to convert code into blocks. I refuse to believe somebody handbuilt anything bigger than a calculator in minecraft.
I recommend mattbatwings, he actually does design the circuits and just copy and pastes them using world edit tools
There are those that build entirely by hand; but the more common method is to use tools/mods like MCEdit to copy+paste whole sections of blocks. Then you can just build out one of each logic gate/larger section and copy+paste it all together into the full creation bit by bit.
In digital logic design, this is called a synthesis tool. In the design of real digital circuitry, you write a code-like hardware description using a language called an “HDL” (hardware description language) such as VHDL or SystemVerilog. Then a program called a synthesiser converts the HDL into a digital circuit.
Each module is designed this way then hooked up using busses and wires.
In real-life, you would then send the generated design to the manufacturing team